Otherwise, the fixed effect models were utilized. Based on the Cochrane review guidelines, I 2 > 50% indicates severe heterogeneity and the analysis should use a random effects model. The Cochran Q test and I 2 test were used to evaluate the impact of study heterogeneity on the results of the meta-analysis. Hazard ratio (HR) and relative risk (RR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were applied to evaluate the correlation between claudin-1 expression levels and prognosis (OS/DFS) and clinical characteristics of CRC. We used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in this meta-analysis. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to investigate the prognostic and clinical significance of claudin-1 expression in CRC. However, other studies showed that there is no relation between them. Some studies have shown that the decreased expression of claudin-1 indicates worse prognostic and aggressive tumor behaviors and linked with higher histological grade, invasion depth, and lymph invasion in CRC. ![]() However, the prognostic value and clinical significance of claudin-1 are controversial. ![]() Many studies have shown that the abnormal expression of claudins is related to the tumor development and prognosis, such as prostate cancer, gallbladder cancer, breast cancer, esophageal adenocarcinomas, gastric adenocarcinoma, laryngeal carcinoma, lung cancer, and glioblastoma. In recent years, the complex function of claudin-1 in tumors was unraveled by analyzing the expression of claudin-1 in colorectal adenocarcinoma and normal mucosa. In normal colon tissue, claudin-1 participates in maintaining the mucosal barrier structure and normal physiological functions, regulating the permeability of the intestinal mucosal barrier, and preventing harmful macromolecular substances from entering the intestine. Ĭlaudins are the major components of tight junctions (TJs), a kind of transmembrane proteins, and localize at the apex of epithelial cells in the colon. ![]() Recently, new prognostications were identified and played an important role in CRC, like biologic, genetic, and other molecular information. However, the current Dukes or TNM staging cannot monitor tumor progression dynamically and reflect the metastasis accurately. At present, the domestic and internationally recognized standards for CRC staging are the TNM and the improved Dukes staging method developed by the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) and the American Cancer Society (AJCC). Tumor stage is the most important criterion for judging prognosis and guiding treatment. In high-income countries, 5-year relative survival has reached almost 65%, but in low-income countries, it remained less than 50%. The incidence of CRC had decreased approximately 3% per year between 20. Over the past 30 years, effective screening measures and multimodal therapies had depressed the incidence and the mortality rate and improved long-term survival rate. The treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. It is expected to increase by 60% to 2.2 million new CRC cases and 1.1 million deaths in ten years. ![]() There were 1.4 million new CRC cases every year. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant tumor all of the world.
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